Ocular Support Formulas
Over the years, research has revealed various nutritional approaches for promoting eye health, involving the optic nerve, lens, cornea, retina, macula, and fovea. Daily protection of these delicate and highly sophisticated features is essential for optimal ocular function. Environmental factors, fatigue and aging are all factors that influence eye health. Nutritional supplementation is an important means by which healthy vision, including proper circulation to the optic nerve, visual clarity, macular support, night vision, intraocular flow, and neuroprotection may be supported. Pure Encapsulations offers a selection of concentrated and highly bioavailable vitamin, mineral, and herbal formulas for enhancing ocular health.*
OculoNutrients, an ocular multivitamin/mineral formula with lutein and zeaxanthin*
Macular Support Formula™, an antioxidant formula with lutein for healthy eyes*
Lutein, antioxidant and light filtering protection for healthy visual function*
Bilberry, promotes healthy vision and retinal protection*
AnthoMax, unique bilberry extract combination for retinal protection*
BenfoMax, retina and nerve health support*
Alpha Lipoic Acid, water and lipid soluble antioxidant; supports nerve health and retinal protection*
Vitamin A, essential nutrient for the visual cycle*
Beta Carotene, powerful antioxidant and vitamin A precursor*
Zinc (citrate), highly bioavailable form of zinc for eye health*
Pure Ascorbic Acid, powerful antioxidant support for lens health and vascular integrity*
Ginkgo 32/9™, provides ginkgoheterosides and terpene lactones to support vascular function and vision*
References:
1. Bone RA, Landrum JT, Guerra LH, Ruiz CA. Lutein and zeaxanthin dietary supplements raise macular pigment density and serum concentrations of these carotenoids in humans. J Nutr 2003 Apr;133(4):992-8.
2. Richer S, Stiles W, Statkute L, Pulido J, Frankowski J, Rudy D, Pei K, Tsipursky M, Nyland J. Double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of lutein and antioxidant supplementation in the intervention of atrophic age-related macular degeneration: the Veterans LAST study (Lutein Antioxidant Supplementation Trial). Optometry 2004 Apr;75(4):216-30.
3. Olmedilla B, Granado F, Blanco I, Vaquero M. Lutein, but not alpha-tocopherol, supplementation improves visual function in patients with age-related cataracts: a 2-y double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Nutrition 2003 Jan;19(1):21-4.
4. Haak E et al. Effects of alpha-lipoic acid on microcirculation in patients with peripheral diabetic neuropathy. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2000;108(3):168-74.
5. Katsube N, Iwashita K, Tsushida T, Yamaki K, Kobori M. Induction of the apoptosis in cancer cells by Bilberry (Vaccinium myrillus) and the anthocyanidins. J Agric Food Chem 2003 Jan 1; 51(1):68-75.
6. Cohen, Boulakia et al. In vivo sequential study of skeletal muscle capillary permeability in diabetic rats: effect of anthocyanosides. Metabolism July 2000; 49.
7. Winkler G et al. Effectiveness of different benfotiamine dosage regimens in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy. Arzneimittelforschung 1999 Mar; 49(3): 220-4.
8. Hammond BR Jr, Wooten BR, Snodderly DM. Density of the human crystalline lens is related to the macular pigment carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin. Optom Vis Sci 1997 Jul;74(7):499-504.
9. Zhao Z, Ross AC. Retinoic acid repletion restores the number of leukocytes and their subsets and stimulates natural cytotoxicity in vitamin A-deficient rats. J Nutr 1995 Aug;125(8):2064-73.
10. Hankinson SE, Stampfer MJ, Seddon JM, et al. Nutrient intake and cataract extraction in women: a prospective study. BMJ 1992;305:335Ð9.
11. Filina AA, Davydova NG, Endrikhovskii SN, et al. Lipoic acid as a means of metabolic therapy of open-angle glaucoma. Vestn Oftalmol 1995;111:6Ð8.
12. Vincent TE, Mendiratta S, May JM. Inhibition of aldose reductase in human erythrocytes by vitamin C. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1999;43:1Ð8.
13. Kowluru RA. Effect of advanced glycation end products on accelerated apoptosis of retinal capillary cells under in vitro conditions. Life Sci 2005 Jan 14;76(9):1051-60.
14. Kowluru RA, Odenbach S. Effect of long-term administration of alpha-lipoic acid on retinal capillary cell death and the development of retinopathy in diabetic rats. Diabetes 2004 Dec;53(12):3233-8.
15. Chidlow G, Schmidt KG, Wood JP, Melena J, Osborne NN. Alpha-lipoic acid protects the retina against ischemia-reperfusion. Neuropharmacology 2002 Nov;43(6):1015-25.
16. Obrosova IG, Minchenko AG, Marinescu V, Fathallah L, Kennedy A, Stockert CM, Frank RN, Stevens MJ. Antioxidants attenuate early up regulation of retinal vascular endothelial growth factor in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Diabetologia 2001 Sep;44(9):1102-10.
17. Kokkinou D, Kasper HU, Bartz-Schmidt KU, Schraermeyer U. The pigmentation of human iris influences the uptake and storing of zinc. Pigment Cell Res 2004 Oct;17(5):515-8.
18. Grahn BH, Paterson PG, Gottschall-Pass KT, Zhang Z. Zinc and the eye. J Am Coll Nutr 2001 Apr;20(2 Suppl):106-18.
19. Hyun HJ, Sohn JH, Ha DW, Ahn YH, Koh JY, Yoon YH. Depletion of intracellular zinc and copper with TPEN results in apoptosis of cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001 Feb;42(2):460-5.
20. Newsome DA, Swartz M, Leone NC, Elston RC, Miller E. Oral zinc in macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol 1988 Feb;106(2):192-8.
21. Hirooka K, Tokuda M, Miyamoto O, Itano T, Baba T, Shiraga F. The Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) provides a neuroprotective effect on retinal ganglion cells in a rat model of chronic glaucoma. Curr Eye Res 2004 Mar;28(3):153-7.
22. Chung HS, Harris A, Kristinsson JK, Ciulla TA, Kagemann C, Ritch R. Ginkgo biloba extract increases ocular blood flow velocity. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 1999 Jun;15(3):233-40.
23. Ritch R. Potential role for Ginkgo biloba extract in the treatment of glaucoma. Med Hypotheses 2000 Feb;54(2):221-35. Review.
24. Quaranta L, Bettelli S, Uva MG, Semeraro F, Turano R, Gandolfo E. Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on preexisting visual field damage in normal tension glaucoma. Ophthalmology 2003 Feb;110(2):359-62; discussion 362-4.
25. Boyd HH. Eye pressure lowering effects of vitamin C. Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine 1995;10 (4): 165-8.
26. Taylor A, Jacques PF, Nadler D, Morrow F, Sulsky SI, Shepart D. Relationship in humans between ascorbic acid consumption and levels of total and reduced ascorbic acid in lens, aqueous acid in lens, aqueous humor, and plasma. Current Eye Research 1991;10: 751-759.
27. Gerster H. Antioxidant protection of the aging macula. Age and Ageing 1991;20: 60-69.
28. Valero MP, Fletcher AE, De Stavola BL, Vioque J, Alepuz VC. Vitamin C is associated with reduced risk of cataract in a Mediterranean population. J Nutr 2002 Jun;132(6):1299-306.
29. Hegde KR, Varma SD. Protective effect of ascorbate against oxidative stress in the mouse lens. Biochim Biophys Acta 2004 Jan 5;1670(1):12-8.
30. Ringsdorf WM Jr, Cheraskin E. Ascorbic acid and glaucoma: a review. J Holistic Med 1981; 3: 167-72.
31. Healthnotes Clinical Essentials. Copyright 2004. Healthnotes, Inc.
For educational purposes only. Consult your physician for any health problems.
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food & Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
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